Produção de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum l.) reutilizando substratos sob cultivo protegido no município de Iranduba-AM

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the reuse of four substrates and the production of five cultivars of tomato under protected the city of Iranduba-AM cultivation. The research was conducted in a greenhouse of 338 m2 chapel type, the substrates were reused: soil + Coir 2:1 (S1), soil + cattle manure 2: 1 (S2), soil + charcoal ground 2:1 (S3) and soil (S4), the cultivars used were: Setcopa, Olympian, Fascination, and Deborah Duradoro Plus. The plants were transplanted 21 days after seeding and were conducted in plastic strands at height of 2.0 meters. The experimental design was a randomized block split plot evaluating four substrates five tomato cultivars in four repetitions. The variables studied were the chemical and physical characteristics of the substrate and the production of tomatoes. In the chemical analysis comparing the results of the substrates at the beginning of the second planting at the end of cultivation there were changes in the values of macro and micronutrients related to pH, EC, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, S, In, Zn, and Cu. Already density (DS), total porosity (TP), macroporosity (MAC) and microporosity (MIC) of the material collected at the beginning and end of the experiment, it was found that the S4 and S2 showed higher values of DS and MAC and S3 and higher values of PT S1 and MIC since the beginning of culture and the DS was higher in the lower end of the PT. Foliar analysis with respect to the substrates for P content, the highest average was found in the substrate S3, since with respect to the substrates and cultivars the levels of Nitrogen (N) was significant only for the cultivar Débora Plus. Plant height at 36 DAT did not differ among the cultivars and substrates, at 120 DAT was especially cultivars Débora Plus in S1 and S2, S3 Setcopa. The substrates at 36 DAT they showed no significant differences, as from 50 DAT until the end of the experiment the substrates differed. The total fruit weight no significant difference, the weight of marketable fruits showed a significant difference in cultivar Fascination (6.91 kg plant-1), the average weight of commercial fruit growing for Olympian (0.51 kg plant-1) followed by Duradoro (0.45 kg plant-1). In the number of fruits (NFT) were no differences in cultivar Fascination with the highest number of fruits produced, clusters per plant (NCP) and commercial fruit (NFC), the substrates (NFT) showed no statistical difference, since the characteristic (NCP) was significant for the cattle manure (S1) with larger number of clusters per plant and greater numbers of unmarketable fruits. In the diameter of the fruit where Duradoro, Olympian and cultivars were those with the largest fruit, as was the fascination that showed the smallest diameters, however the Fascination showed the highest number of fruits per plant and the fewest Olympian fruit. We conclude that the fascination and Duradoro cultivars showed higher fruit yields in the base substrate soil + cattle manure, and cultivate Fascination with production (172.7 t/ha-1), then the cultivar with Duradoro (166.5 t/ha-1). Therefore, the reuse of the substrate is recommended based on cattle manure + soil in tomato under protected cultivation in the municipality of Iranduba.