Aves e aeronaves: um encontro inconveniente: gestão ambiental aplicada à mitigação do risco aviário em Manaus/AM

Abstract

Collisions between birds and airplanes are one of the biggest concern for aviation worldwide due to some factors such as the risk they cause to people's lives and the financial cost caused by damage and aircraft losses. As birds and aircrafts share the airspace to accomplish their movements, controlling the risk of collision between them becomes a challenge, given that the volume of air traffic grows significantly each year. This dissertation aimed to investigate the environmental management strategies adopted by INFRAERO and Brazilian Air Force within their respective airports. Finds out what actions and techniques are adopted to control aviary risk in the city of Manaus / AM, focusing on the Manaus International Airport / Eduardo Gomes and Ponta Pelada Airport. The dissertation was divided into two chapters. The first analyzes the danger risk and the variables involved in its management, from a grounded methodology for quantitative analysis of statistical data. The second chapter discusses the concepts and environmental management strategies, focusing on solid waste management, and their impact on mitigation aviary risk. For this, it weaves an approach on the general aspects of the aviary danger, with its contextualization in Brazil, followed by solid waste management analysis applied to mitigate this risk from the testimony of managers and team members responsible for the management of the aviary risk in the two airports studied. The methodology used was content analysis. The evaluations performed in this study were made from the measurement and analysis of collisions records between birds and aircrafts occurred in the study period from 2011 to 2014. The file CENIPA 15 is used by the analyzed airports as the main recording instrument and exchange of information on collisions between birds and aircrafts. In summary, the Manaus International Airport / Eduardo Gomes presented the highest number of collisions both per year as the period analyzed, as well as a range of about 24 species involved in collisions with aircrafts in the period studied. In Ponta Pelada Airport all registered collisions were with birds of the species Coragyps atratus, the black-headed vulture. Most collisions occurred on takeoff phase. In both airports studied, the fuselage and the radome of the aircraft were the hardest hit. Most collisions occurred during the day. The improper disposal of solid waste is identified as the main cause of the aviary risk in Manaus-AM. The educational activities of the airport and surrounding communities are considered relevant and primary with regard to the effective management of aviary risk. Finally, the question of the aviary risk goes beyond the disposal of municipal solid waste, passing by the presence of wildlife in and out of the airport sites and the awareness of airport communities and environment on the subject, with a view to the prevention of aircraft accidents that victimizes human beings.