Mudança climática: produções legislativas na assembleia do estado do Amazonas (1995 a 2018)

Abstract

This study addresses the relationship between the Legislative and Executive Powers in the production of ordinary laws related to climate change in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. Since the 19th century, societies in various countries have expressed growing concerns about the impacts of the development model based on the intensive use of fossil fuels and the consequent significant increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Climate change, a challenging phenomenon, began to demand greater attention from humanity in the 20th century. All nations, in some way, will feel the effects of this issue, and to confront it, it will be necessary to adopt often controversial political decisions, implement significant technological changes, and address long-term global consequences. This scenario has driven the emergence of a global legislative framework, leading governments of various nations to develop a range of national and subnational policies aimed at mitigating climate change. This work adopts a qualitative approach with descriptive and analytical objectives, based on bibliographic and documentary research. The study describes the legislative framework related to climate issues in the State of Amazonas, taking into account the sectors responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. The main objectives of this dissertation are: i) to conduct an inventory of ordinary legislation approved in Amazonas; ii) to identify which branch of government has played a leading role in drafting these normative acts; iii) to analyze the legislative process and the time span between the proposal and the approval of climate change-related laws; and iv) to categorize the laws according to the sectors or sources of greenhouse gas emissions, namely: Agriculture, Energy, Land-Use Change and Forestry, and Waste. The legislative production in Amazonas, specifically ordinary legislation, was analyzed for the period from 1995 to 2018. The aim was to detect trends, revisit climate change-related policies, and examine their content. This study does not aim to provide an in-depth legal analysis; rather, it seeks to present a comprehensive view of the evolution of the legislative framework in Amazonas over the past 24 years, adopting a multisectoral and systemic perspective.