Q-Sono: distúrbios do sono em pacientes com doença de Parkinson

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative condition frequently accompanied by sleep disorders such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), insomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD), and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). These disturbances negatively impact quality of life and may accelerate disease progression. OSA, diagnosed in approximately 70% of individuals with PD, can disrupt sleep architecture and exacerbate both motor and non-motor symptoms. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and identify sleep disorders associated with PD, correlating findings from polysomnography and validated sleep questionnaires. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary hospital in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Participants underwent clinical evaluation, validated questionnaires, and Type 1 polysomnography. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE no. 58684622.2.0000.0007). Results and Discussion: A total of 48 individuals with PD were eligible for inclusion. Among them, 87% presented with poor sleep quality, 54% (n=14) had OSA, 60% (n=29) experienced EDS, 39% (n=19) showed symptoms of RLS, and 29% (n=14) exhibited RBD. The PD+OSA group had a significantly higher mean age (p=0.01), greater motor impairment (UPDRS II and III, p<0.005), increased sleep fragmentation (p=0.003), more periodic leg movements (p=0.02), and a higher desaturation index (p<0.001). Furthermore, the presence of RBD was associated with a higher risk of OSA based on the STOP-BANG score and with positional apnea (p<0.05). These findings reinforce the high prevalence of OSA in PD and its impact on both sleep quality and motor function. Conclusion: Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in this population. The presence of comorbid OSA is particularly associated with greater impairment in sleep quality and motor function. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of OSA may represent a valuable strategy to improve sleep and functionality in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.