Religiosidade e espiritualidade de pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodialise: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a serious public health problem, negatively impacting the quality of life and mental health of patients, especially those undergoing hemodialysis. Spirituality and religiosity have been recognized as relevant coping strategies in facing the challenges imposed by the disease and dialysis therapy. Objectives: To synthesize recent scientific evidence on the influence of spirituality and religiosity on the quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The databases consulted were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Primary studies, whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods, published between 2020 and 2025, that directly addressed spirituality and/or religiosity in hemodialysis patients were included. Reviews, dissertations, editorials, and articles not directly focused on the target population and theme were excluded from the analysis. Two independent reviewers performed data selection, extraction, and evaluation. The studies were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Results: Nineteen studies were included, predominantly with qualitative and cross-sectional designs. The findings indicate that higher levels of spirituality and religiosity are associated with better quality of life, lower prevalence of depressive symptoms, and greater emotional coping capacity. However, methodological, cultural, and clinical differences between the studies explain variations in the results. Conclusion: The integrative review highlighted that spirituality and religiosity act as protective factors for the quality of life of hemodialysis patients, recommending the systematic inclusion of this dimension in clinical care.