Variação espaço-temporal no material inorgânico dissolvido na Bacia Amazônica

Abstract

The current work studies the space-time variety of dissolved inorganic material (Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4 -2, HCO3 - e SiO2) in 6 hydrological stations of the ORE-HYBAm network, which is located in the Amazon basin (Tabatinga-Nazareth, Manacapuru and Óbidos in the Solimões-Amazonas river; Porto Velho and Borba-Fazenda Vista Alegre in the Madeira river; and Lábrea in the Purús river). In the Solimões-Amazonas river, concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 - e SO4 -2 have heterogeneous distribution and do not exhibit seasonality; because of the correlation among their concentrations, it is suggested that they own similar mobilization dynamic. This correlation is also observed between the Madeira and Purús rivers. However, in these rivers, the mentioned ions show seasonal chemical variability and reversely proportional to caudal (dilution-concentration effect). This behavior is observed to Cl- and Na+ in the stations of the Solimões -Amazonas y Madeira rivers, which means the liberation of an almost constant flow during the hydrological cycle. Meanwhile, K+ and SiO2 own constant concentrations along the years and among the stations, indicating that their flows are dependent on the caudal. It also can be identified that in the distribution of flows of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 and SO4 -2, in the Solimões-Amazonas river, hydroclimatic factors as well as the heterogeneity of the sources (ex. carbonates, silicates) are involved. In the Madeira and Purus rivers there is less influence of these factors, which indicates greater contribution of the silicates with weathering slower than carbonates. Therefore, the geology and hydroclimatic factors influence in the distribution of the flows of dissolved inorganic material in the Amazon basin. But as the Solimões basin contributes approximately 84% of the total flux of dissolved materials in the basin and is under hydroclimatic factors influence, one can say that the temporal variability of this factor controls the temporal flows of dissolved material in the Amazon basin. This research has importance to the understanding of the geochemical process in the Amazon basin, as well as to provide a basis to future studies.