Atores de proteção ao suicídio em jovens indígenas da etnia Baniwa

Abstract

Indigenous suicide has significant numbers and has become a serious public health problem, standing out in its high number, more than twice in the native population compared to non indigenous people, proving the fragility of this population. However, it is necessary that we seek to look from another side, where protective, preventive factors are considered, or as we currently say, the indigenous Good Living, in order to strengthen the mechanisms that protect indigenous life. Adopting the perspective of Indigenous Psychology and Social Psychology, our general objective was: to analyze the protective factors for suicide among young Baniwa indigenous people in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira/AM. Specific objectives: a) characterize the profile of the young Baniwa participants in the research; b) apprehend the understanding about suicide for the Baniwa indigenous people; c) to identify suicide protective factors among Baniwa youth in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira. This research was qualitative, descriptive and collaborative. The following instruments were used: 1. informal conversations, at first; 2. open individual interview, in which data and information were collected. We conducted 9 interviews, 5 with older people (49-62 years old; 1 man, 4 women) and 4 with young people (18-26 years old; 2 men, 2 women), who met the inclusion criteria and were available to collaborate. The analysis was of content, in which we identified three categories: 1. Considerations about suicide for the elderly and the young (damage, spell or plague; lack of family support; alcoholic beverages and drugs); 2. Suicide protection factors (strengthened family unit; seeking help; traditional and Western education; coping with alcohol consumption and/or other drugs; religion; valuing traditional knowledge to strengthen good living); 3. The search for the Baniwa Indigenous Good Life as a protective factor (the fields, fishing and hunting; the territory, the forest and the rivers; community life; health; collective actions; establishment of goals and objectives). We conclude that in the urban context of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, young Baniwas have protective factors that help them live well and safeguard them against the epidemic of suicide in the region. The Rio Negro natives themselves have an understanding of what suicide is for them, the protective factors used by them and the interconnection with good living. This all strengthened our readings based on Indigenous Psychology.

Iã taiuiká yanê anamã itá, bando aintá, e ti puranga, puxuera yandiarã, yã yanê anamã itá bando taiuiuká wa itá, así yã kariwa ita, ti tê yamaã retã maiê yane nungara. Así, preciso ia maã amurupí, tirã yasassá kuayê, puranga rã kuri iandê, iavivê puranga cuá ianê vida upê. A estudai rã kuá ressé, a usai iaã Psicologia yane kitiwara assuí Psicologia Social, aputaí a) a kuá mãita iaã kurumiwassú itá assuí kunhamucu Baniwa itá ta minhã ou ta rikú puranga rã tamã yã ta vida tawá upé. Assuí b) yamarã mãita iaã jovem Baniwa itá, mãita ta kuassá iã taiuiuka wá itá yané anamã itá, assuí c) yãmarã maita kua ta riku tirã taiuiuka, jovem itá tawa upé. Kua a estudai wa, aminhã 1. a kuntai tairum; 2. assuí akuntai ypê ypê iã yane anamã tairum. Aminhã 9 entrevista, 5 tuiú tairum (49-62; yepê apiga, irundi kunhã itá) e irundi kurumin wassú itá (18-26 anos; mukuin apigá assuí mukuin té kunhã itá), ta putaí wá ta participai kua a minhã wá estudo. A minhã a estudai rã kua, análise de conteúdo, assuí a mãarã: 1. maita tuiú assúi kuruminwassú itá ta kuassá ian taiuiuká wá (taminhã nungara, ta peiú, ti ta paiá ta umã intá, ta ú caium e drogas); 2. puranga rã ta mã ta vida, tirã taiuiuká (puranga tarikú ta anamã itá, ta sikai ajuda; ta sendú rã ta paia assí tuiú itá, mã takuá yané paia itá, assuí kariwa takitiwara teiuí; tirã taú retana kuá cauim assuí droga itá, religião, puranga rã ta mã iã yakuassá yanê tapuiá, puranga rã ia vivê; 3. yassikai puranga rã ia vivê, iandê Baniwa itá (Ianê kupixá, ia pinãitika, ia sikai iá iuká maã iambauarã; yanê iwí, yanê kaá, ií, yanê vida yanê anãma tairum, saúde, yãminhã pãiem iandaram, iamaã mãita yaputai yanê rundê. Iambá iaheeen que tawa upé, kuruminwassú itá tariku tê iam taminhã puranga rá tamanduai e assí taminhã kua ta vida, tirã taiuiuká retana, puranga ta mã ta vida e assí ta vivê, ti mã yawé iã tarikussá mãita yãmã amú kurumiwassú itá amum tapuia itá taminhã tawa upé. Yanê anamã kua ianê retama itá ta kua mãita tê iãm taiuiuká wá, assuí takua tê mãita ia vivê ram puranga. Assuí a usaí iam yakuassará ianê kitiwara tê a estudai ram kuá.