Cobertura vacinal das crianças menores de 5 anos no município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira - AM, 2004-2009

Abstract

Vaccination represents an important health action in preventing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases, immunization coverage and the analysis is essential to assess the adequacy of the provision of services in this field and provide information that assists in planning of vaccination in the city. The objective of this study, which was developed through qualitative and quantitative research, was to analyze the immunization coverage of children under 5 years old of rural and urban areas in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira - AM from 2004 to 2009. The quantitative data collection was done from secondary sources of registration of vaccines doses, classified by age group of children vaccinated, obtained from the Sistema de Informação do Programa Estadual de Imunização and the municipality and vaccine census of Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Alto Rio Negro. The collection of qualitative data concerning the role of multidisciplinary teams of health was conducted through semi-structured interviews, dealing with topics of planning and scheduling of vaccination activities. The universe of this study included all doses of vaccines administered during the research and interviews with 26 professionals who work in immunization activities in the municipality. The results show that vaccination coverage in rural areas are more trustful than the urban area. The job of healthcare professionals has shown a mix of management, administration and support and in Indian areas demanded by complex technical-operational actions given through a tremendous amount of logistics, more flattening in the relationship between members of the multidisciplinary team of health Indian and flexibility in the direct performance, rigidity and hierarchy of roles and tasks among many professional levels. The professional roles in the urban area, the actions were simpler, not by promoting dialogue and cross-cutting interactions among team members. After all, there is a great disparity of sources to calculate the population vaccine coverage, especially in urban areas; these factors have committed the accuracy of qualitative data. The low coverage reflects the limitations found in the operationalization of immunization activities in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira.