Saúde mental e trabalho: riscos psicossociais e vivências subjetivas de servidores da saúde do Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

This research was carried out with the aim of analyzing psychosocial risk factors and the possibilities for prevention and coping in the work situations of employees at the Health Surveillance Foundation (FVS-RCP). At the request of the FVS's technical management, meetings and visits were made to the sectors, as well as a documentary survey. This preliminary analysis culminated in the incorporation of Work Psychodynamics and Ergology as theoretical-methodological approaches. Psychodynamics aims to understand how workers deal with adversity in the workplace and how experiences of suffering and pleasure relate to the work situation. Ergology focuses on how workers use their practical experiences to cope with daily demands and standardization, tensioned by values. With regard to the research tools, the Protocol for Assessing Psychosocial Risks at Work (PROART) was chosen to assess psychosocial risks due to its ability to investigate both health and work-related pathologies.In addition, Ergology's Encounters on Work (EsT) tool was used to deepen the analysis of the PROART results and discuss the health-work relationship with the workers themselves. The research sample included 225 PROART respondents, and the Work Meetings had 37 participants, allowing for the collection of qualitative and quantitative data. PROART is made up of four scales: Work Organization (EOT), Management Styles (EEG), Indicators of Suffering at Work (EIST) and Work-Related Injury (EDT). The results showed that most of the workers were female and over 40, suggesting professional experience. The Work Organization Scale revealed medium risks related to the division of tasks and low risks in the social division of labor. The Work Meetings confirmed overload and dissatisfaction due to lack of resources, poor distribution of tasks and tight deadlines. The division of tasks and the social division of labor revealed the need for interventions to improve workload and the distribution of responsibilities. The Management Style Scale showed a moderate presence of the individualist and collectivist styles. The individualist style predominated in terms of valuing hierarchy, while the collectivist style was evidenced by commitment to collective work. Discussions during the EsTs highlighted the need for a strategic vision on the part of managers and the lack of equal opportunities for advancement for workers. The Suffering at Work Indicator Scale indicated low risks of pathogenic suffering, but signs of mental exhaustion and lack of recognition. The discussions at the meetings pointed to dissatisfaction with management and work overload, exacerbated by the lack of staff replacement and precarious conditions. The Work-Related Injury Scale showed a medium risk of physical injury, with signs of health problems related to age and inadequate working conditions. The Encounters revealed significant physical damage and stress, impacting on workers' health. The integration of PROART with the Work Meetings was considered successful, allowing workers to express their perceptions and contribute suggestions for improvement.