Prevalência de cárie e doença periodontal em pacientes com mucopolissacaridose: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare condition that encompasses a group of inherited metabolic diseases caused by lysosomal enzyme deficiency. The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cells results in progressive cellular damage, impacting on multiple organ systems. In the oral cavity, in addition to changes in tooth formation and abnormal position of the teeth in the arch, cariogenic diet and poor toothbrushing contribute to conditions such as caries and gingivitis. The aim of this review study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease (gingivitis) in patients with MPS. A systematic review of observational studies was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines (CRD42024564832). The search strategy involved the PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase and LILACS databases, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, for gray literature. Eligibility criteria included observational studies that assessed the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with MPSs. Risk of bias was assessed by the JBI Critical Appraisal for prevalence studies. Meta-analysis of the included studies was conducted using the random-effects model and a 95% confidence interval. Eleven studies were included, most with moderate risk of bias. Ten studies reported data on the prevalence of caries (n = 269) and five on the prevalence of gingivitis (n = 98). The prevalence of dental caries was 80% (95%IC: 0,66–0,95, I² = 95,19%) and the prevalence of gingivitis was 94% (95% CI: 0.87–1.00, I² = 41.9%). The results allowed us to conclude that individuals with MPSs have a high prevalence of caries and gingivitis, that periodontal disease in all its parameters has not been investigated, and that primary studies with robust methodologies are necessary to better understand the oral health conditions of this population.