Produção de café em sistemas agroflorestais na Amazônia brasileira: estratégias sustentáveis para a geração de renda

Abstract

The increasing demand for agricultural products, such as coffee, requires a process that can meet not only consumer needs and the rise in productivity but also foster spaces that align with sustainability and sustainable development. Agroforestry systems present opportunities to reconcile agricultural production, environmental services, ecosystem functions, and income generation. This study considers agroforestry areas where coffee cultivation is implemented. The aim of this work is to analyze the context of coffee in agroforestry systems in Apuí, in southern Amazonas. To achieve this objective, qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted, characterizing it as a mixed-method approach. For sampling, the "snowball" method was used, totaling 25 participants. Data collection was conducted through interviews, with transcription for content analysis and data tabulation for economic analysis. Agroforestry coffee in Apuí emerged through the observation of the non-governmental organization IDESAM. Agroforestry coffee producers, as a whole, engage in more than one agricultural activity besides coffee. The main production costs for coffee producers are related to labor, characterized as a variable cost, since the initial investment is subsidized by partner organizations. Regarding fixed costs, some producers have high costs due to their improvements. Concerning the producers' perceptions of the agroforestry system and their relationships with the environment, it became evident that there is a tendency to prioritize sustainable production practices, although this occurs at different levels of intensity. All recognize the importance of the environment and the adoption of methods and techniques for environmental conservation, but this varies heterogeneously. In light of this, this study concludes and reinforces that coffee in agroforestry systems in Apuí significantly contributes to income generation and the sustainable development of the region by reconciling environmental and economic aspects. Furthermore, the way the entire production chain of agroforestry coffee in Apuí is structured can serve as a reference for other realities, given the presence of different actors involved in the productive flow of agroforestry coffee.