Influência do resfriamento acelerado na fabricação de produtos metálicos via manufatura aditiva DED-GMAW

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing is increasingly gaining ground in the global industry, establishing itself as an effective alternative to subtractive technologies. One of the promising segments in this area is Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Additive Manufacturing, which stands out for its high deposition rate and ability to create medium and large geometries with an excellent Buy-To-fly ratio, especially when compared to machining processes. In DED, the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) deposition process is notable, using the electric arc as an energy source. This work investigated the influence of accelerated cooling on the manufacturing of metallic products through DED-GMAW additive manufacturing. Focusing on deposition energy and cooling type, the study analyzes how these factors affect notch toughness, cooling rate, and the geometry of deposited layers. Using ASTM A36 steel plates as a substrate and ER110S-1 wire, the DED-GMAW system was equipped with an indirect water cooling device, allowing a comparative analysis between air and water cooling. The research found that the combination of high deposition energy with accelerated cooling results in products with good strength. Among the conclusions obtained, it is highlighted that: the indirect cooling system does not directly affect the geometry (height and width) of the deposited layers; the most influential factor in Charpy V impact energy is the deposition energy of the layers; the indirect cooling system does not negatively affect the material's toughness. From this work, it was verified that the indirect cooling system has no effective impact on either the geometry or notch toughness, making its use viable for producing flat products using ER110S-1 wire, faster than naturally cooling in air.